Senam Diabetes Efektif Menurunkan Kadar Glukosa Darah pada Pasien Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2

Abstract

Abstrak

Diabetes melitus tipe 2 merupakan penyakit metabolik kronis yang ditandai dengan peningkatan kadar glukosa darah akibat resistensi insulin dan gangguan fungsi sel beta pankreas. Salah satu pilar penatalaksanaan DM tipe 2 adalah aktivitas fisik seperti senam diabetes, yang berfungsi menurunkan kadar glukosa darah. Mengetahui pengaruh senam diabetes terhadap kadar glukosa darah pasien diabetes melitus tipe 2 di Prolanis PRB Puskesmas Rawa Bening Kecamatan Buay Madang Timur. Artikel ini menggunakan desain kuantitatif dengan pendekatan pre-eksperimental one group pre-test post-test. Sampel berjumlah 28 responden yang dipilih dengan teknik total sampling. Pemeriksaan kadar glukosa darah sewaktu dilakukan sebelum dan sesudah senam diabetes selama empat minggu. Uji normalitas data menggunakan Shapiro-Wilk menunjukkan distribusi tidak normal (p < 0,05), sehingga analisis menggunakan uji Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test. Median kadar glukosa darah sebelum senam sebesar 241 mg/dL (188–400 mg/dL), menurun menjadi 198 mg/dL (110–339 mg/dL) sesudah senam. Hasil uji Wilcoxon menunjukkan nilai p = 0,000 (p < 0,05), artinya terdapat perbedaan signifikan antara kadar glukosa darah sebelum dan sesudah senam diabetes. Senam diabetes berpengaruh signifikan dalam menurunkan kadar glukosa darah pada pasien diabetes melitus tipe 2. Senam ini dapat dijadikan kegiatan rutin dalam program Prolanis di Puskesmas sebagai sarana non-farmakologis yang efektif untuk pengendalian glukosa darah.

Kata Kunci:   Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2; Kadar Glukosa Darah; Senam Diabetes;

Abstract

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disease characterised by elevated blood glucose levels due to insulin resistance and impaired pancreatic beta cell function. One of the pillars of type 2 DM management is physical activity such as diabetes exercise, which serves to lower blood glucose levels. To determine the effect of diabetes exercise on blood glucose levels in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients at Prolanis PRB Puskesmas Rawa Bening, Buay Madang Timur District. This article uses a quantitative design with a pre-experimental one-group pre-test post-test approach. The sample consisted of 28 respondents selected using total sampling technique. Blood glucose levels were checked before and after four weeks of diabetes exercise. The Shapiro-Wilk normality test showed a non-normal distribution (p < 0.05), so the analysis used the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test. The median blood glucose level before exercise was 241 mg/dL (188–400 mg/dL), decreasing to 198 mg/dL (110–339 mg/dL) after exercise. The Wilcoxon test results showed a p-value of 0.000 (p < 0.05), indicating a significant difference between blood glucose levels before and after the diabetes exercise programme. Diabetes exercise significantly affects the reduction of blood glucose levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. This exercise can be used as a routine activity in the Prolanis programme at the Community Health Centre as an effective non-pharmacological means of controlling blood glucose.

Keywords: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Exercise; Blood Glucose Levels;