Need Assessment Pengembangan Media Edukasi Digital Berbasis Kearifan Lokal untuk Peningkatan Literasi Stunting dan Penguatan Pola Asuh (MEDIKAL-SPA)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56186/jkkb.386Keywords:
Kearifan lokal, literasi stunting, media digital, pola asuh, stunting, MEDIKAL-SPA, need assessment, health literacy, parenting practices, local wisdom, digital educational mediaAbstract
Latar Belakang: Stunting merupakan masalah kesehatan masyarakat yang bersifat multidimensional dan berkaitan dengan praktik pemberian makan, pola asuh, kondisi sosial budaya, pengetahuan keluarga, serta lingkungan. Informasi mengenai stunting telah tersedia, namun masih ditemukan kesenjangan antara pengetahuan dan praktik keluarga. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan media edukasi yang kontekstual, praktis, berbasis budaya lokal, dan sesuai dengan perkembangan teknologi digital. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengeksplorasi kebutuhan masyarakat sebagai dasar pengembangan Media Edukasi Digital Berbasis Kearifan Lokal untuk Peningkatan Literasi Stunting dan Penguatan Pola Asuh (MEDIKAL-SPA).
Metode: Penelitian menggunakan desain kualitatif eksploratif. Informan terdiri atas empat tenaga kesehatan, yaitu bidan, ahli gizi, perawat, dan dokter Puskesmas; enam kader Posyandu; sembilan ibu balita; serta satu Kepala Desa sebagai pemangku kepentingan tingkat desa. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara mendalam dan Focus Group Discussion (FGD). Analisis data dilakukan secara tematik melalui proses coding, kategorisasi, identifikasi tema, interpretasi, dan triangulasi sumber.
Hasil: Ditemukan enam tema utama, yaitu: (1) pengetahuan tentang stunting telah meningkat tetapi belum komprehensif dan masih terdapat miskonsepsi mengenai faktor keturunan; (2) praktik pemberian makan belum optimal, (3) pola asuh dipengaruhi keterbatasan waktu orang tua, keterlibatan keluarga besar, dan penggunaan gawai saat makan; (4) kearifan lokal menjadi kekuatan sekaligus tantangan dalam pencegahan stunting; (5) kebutuhan edukasi bergeser dari informasi teoritis menuju informasi praktis dan actionable; dan (6) masyarakat lebih menyukai media audiovisual yang singkat, menarik, interaktif, mudah dibagikan, serta menggunakan konteks budaya dan pangan lokal. Media yang diharapkan mencakup video pendek, animasi, storytelling, bahasa sehari-hari, contoh menu lokal, dan karakter yang dekat dengan masyarakat.
Kesimpulan: Pengembangan MEDIKAL-SPA perlu diarahkan pada media edukasi yang berbasis bukti, praktis, audiovisual, interaktif, berbasis keluarga, sensitif terhadap budaya lokal, dan berorientasi pada perubahan perilaku.
Kata kunci: kearifan lokal; literasi stunting; media digital; pola asuh; stunting; MEDIKAL-SPA.
Abstract
Background: Stunting is a multidimensional public health issue linked to feeding practices, parenting styles, socio-cultural conditions, family knowledge, and environmental factors. While information on stunting is available, a gap persists between family knowledge and actual practices. Therefore, there is a need for educational media that is contextual, practical, grounded in local wisdom, and aligned with digital technology advancements. This study aims to explore community needs as a foundation for developing "MEDIKAL-SPA" (Local Wisdom-Based Digital Educational Media for Improving Stunting Literacy and Strengthening Parenting).
Methods: An exploratory qualitative design was employed. Informants consisted of four health professionals, including a midwife, nutritionist, nurse, and physician; six community health cadres; nine mothers of under-five children; and one village head as a village-level stakeholder. Data were collected through in-depth interviews and Focus Group Discussions (FGDs). The data were analyzed thematically through coding, categorization, theme identification, interpretation, and source triangulation.
Results: Six main themes emerged: (1) knowledge of stunting has improved but remains incomplete, with lingering misconceptions regarding heredity; (2) feeding practices are suboptimal; (3) parenting styles are influenced by parents' time constraints, extended family involvement, and gadget use during meals; (4) local wisdom acts as both a strength and a challenge in stunting prevention; (5) educational needs have shifted from theoretical information to practical, actionable content; and (6) the community prefers audiovisual media that is concise, engaging, interactive, and easily shareable, while incorporating local cultural and food contexts. Desired media formats include short videos, animations, storytelling, colloquial language, local menu examples, and characters that resonate with the community.
Conclusion: The development of MEDIKAL-SPA should focus on educational media that is evidence-based, practical, audiovisual, interactive, family-oriented, culturally sensitive, and aimed at behavioral change. Keywords: local wisdom; stunting literacy; digital media; parenting; stunting; medical spa.
Keywords: need assessment; stunting; health literacy; parenting practices; local wisdom; digital educational media; MEDIKAL-SPA.
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